Latex符号大全

Latex 符号大全

Operators

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\pm$	\pm	$\mp$	\mp	$\times$	\times
$\div$	\div	$\cdot$	\cdot	$\ast$	\ast
$\star$	\star	$\dagger$	\dagger	$\ddagger$	\ddagger
$\amalg$	\amalg	$\cap$	\cap	$\cup$	\cup
$\uplus$	\uplus	$\sqcap$	\sqcap	$\sqcup$	\sqcup
$\vee$	\vee	$\wedge$	\wedge	$\oplus$	\oplus
$\ominus$	\ominus	$\otimes$	\otimes	$\circ$	\circ
$\bullet$	\bullet	$\diamond$	\diamond	$\lhd$	\lhd
$\rhd$	\rhd	$\unlhd$	\unlhd	$\unrhd$	\unrhd
$\oslash$	\oslash	$\odot$	\odot	$\bigcirc$	\bigcirc
$\triangleleft$	\triangleleft	$\Diamond$	\Diamond	$\bigtriangleup$	\bigtriangleup
$\bigtriangledown$	\bigtriangledown	$\Box$	\Box	$\triangleright$	\triangleright
$\setminus$	\setminus	$\wr$	\wr	$\sqrt{x}$	\sqrt{x}
$x^{\circ}$	x^{\circ}	$\triangledown$	\triangledown	$\sqrt[n]{x}$	\sqrt[n]{x}
$a^x$	a^x	$a^{xyz}$	a^{xyz}	$a_x$	a_x

Relations

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\le$	\le	$\ge$	\ge	$\neq$	\neq
$\sim$	\sim	$\ll$	\ll	$\gg$	\gg
$\doteq$	\doteq	$\simeq$	\simeq	$\subset$	\subset
$\supset$	\supset	$\approx$	\approx	$\asymp$	\asymp
$\subseteq$	\subseteq	$\supseteq$	\supseteq	$\cong$	\cong
$\smile$	\smile	$\sqsubset$	\sqsubset	$\sqsupset$	\sqsupset
$\equiv$	\equiv	$\frown$	\frown	$\sqsubseteq$	\sqsubseteq
$\sqsupseteq$	\sqsupseteq	$\propto$	\propto	$\bowtie$	\bowtie
$\in$	\in	$\ni$	\ni	$\prec$	\prec
$\succ$	\succ	$\vdash$	\vdash	$\dashv$	\dashv
$\preceq$	\preceq	$\succeq$	\succeq	$\models$	\models
$\perp$	\perp	$\parallel$	\parallel
$\mid$	\mid	$\bumpeq$	\bumpeq

Negations of many of these relations can be formed by just putting \not before the symbol, or by slipping an “n” between the \ and the word. Here are a couple examples, plus many other negations; it works for many of the many others as well.

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\nmid$	\nmid	$\nleq$	\nleq	$\ngeq$	\ngeq
$\nsim$	\nsim	$\ncong$	\ncong	$\nparallel$	\nparallel
$\not<$	\not<	$\not>$	\not>	$\not=$	\not= or \neq or \ne
$\not\le$	\not\le	$\not\ge$	\not\ge	$\not\sim$	\not\sim
$\not \approx$	\not\approx	$\not\cong$	\not\cong	$\not\equiv$	\not\equiv
$\not\parallel$	\not\parallel	$\nless$	\nless	$\ngtr$	\ngtr
$\lneq$	\lneq	$\gneq$	\gneq	$\lnsim$	\lnsim
$\lneqq$	\lneqq	$\gneqq$	\gneqq

To use other relations not listed here, such as =, >, and <, in LaTeX, you must use the symbols on your keyboard, as they are not available in $\LaTeX$.

Greek Letters

Lowercase Letters

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\alpha$	\alpha	$\beta$	\beta	$\gamma$	\gamma	$\delta$	\delta
$\epsilon$	\epsilon	$\varepsilon$	\varepsilon	$\zeta$	\zeta	$\eta$	\eta
$\theta$	\theta	$\vartheta$	\vartheta	$\iota$	\iota	$\kappa$	\kappa
$\lambda$	\lambda	$\mu$	\mu	$\nu$	\nu	$\xi$	\xi
$\pi$	\pi	$\varpi$	\varpi	$\rho$	\rho	$\varrho$	\varrho
$\sigma$	\sigma	$\varsigma$	\varsigma	$\tau$	\tau	$\upsilon$	\upsilon
$\phi$	\phi	$\varphi$	\varphi	$\chi$	\chi	$\psi$	\psi
$\omega$	\omega

Capital Letters

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\Gamma$	\Gamma	$\Delta$	\Delta	$\Theta$	\Theta	$\Lambda$	\Lambda
$\Xi$	\Xi	$\Pi$	\Pi	$\Sigma$	\Sigma	$\Upsilon$	\Upsilon
$\Phi$	\Phi	$\Psi$	\Psi	$\Omega$	\Omega

Arrows

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\gets$	\gets	$\to$	\to
$\leftarrow$	\leftarrow	$\Leftarrow$	\Leftarrow
$\rightarrow$	\rightarrow	$\Rightarrow$	\Rightarrow
$\leftrightarrow$	\leftrightarrow	$\Leftrightarrow$	\Leftrightarrow
$\mapsto$	\mapsto	$\hookleftarrow$	\hookleftarrow
$\leftharpoonup$	\leftharpoonup	$\leftharpoondown$	\leftharpoondown
$\rightleftharpoons$	\rightleftharpoons	$\longleftarrow$	\longleftarrow
$\Longleftarrow$	\Longleftarrow	$\longrightarrow$	\longrightarrow
$\Longrightarrow$	\Longrightarrow	$\longleftrightarrow$	\longleftrightarrow
$\Longleftrightarrow$	\Longleftrightarrow	$\longmapsto$	\longmapsto
$\hookrightarrow$	\hookrightarrow	$\rightharpoonup$	\rightharpoonup
$\rightharpoondown$	\rightharpoondown	$\leadsto$	\leadsto
$\uparrow$	\uparrow	$\Uparrow$	\Uparrow
$\downarrow$	\downarrow	$\Downarrow$	\Downarrow
$\updownarrow$	\updownarrow	$\Updownarrow$	\Updownarrow
$\nearrow$	\nearrow	$\searrow$	\searrow
$\swarrow$	\swarrow	$\nwarrow$	\nwarrow
$\overrightarrow{AB}$	\overrightarrow{AB}	$\overleftarrow{AB}$	\overleftarrow{AB}
$\overleftrightarrow{AB}$	\overleftrightarrow{AB}

(For those of you who hate typing long strings of letters, \iff and \implies can be used in place of \Longleftrightarrow and \Longrightarrow respectively.)

Dots

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\cdot$	\cdot	$\vdots$	\vdots
$\dots$	\dots	$\ddots$	\ddots
$\cdots$	\cdots	$\iddots$	\iddots

Accents

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\hat{x}$	\hat{x}	$\check{x}$	\check{x}	$\dot{x}$	\dot{x}
$\breve{x}$	\breve{x}	$\acute{x}$	\acute{x}	$\ddot{x}$	\ddot{x}
$\grave{x}$	\grave{x}	$\tilde{x}$	\tilde{x}	$\mathring{x}$	\mathring{x}
$\bar{x}$	\bar{x}	$\vec{x}$	\vec{x}

When applying accents to i and j, you can use \imath and \jmath to keep the dots from interfering with the accents:

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\vec{\jmath}$	\vec{\jmath}	$\tilde{\imath}$	\tilde{\imath}

\tilde and \hat have wide versions that allow you to accent an expression:

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\widehat{7+x}$	\widehat{7+x}	$\widetilde{abc}$	\widetilde{abc}

Others

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\infty$	\infty	$\triangle$	\triangle	$\angle$	\angle
$\aleph$	\aleph	$\hbar$	\hbar	$\imath$	\imath
$\jmath$	\jmath	$\ell$	\ell	$\wp$	\wp
$\Re$	\Re	$\Im$	\Im	$\mho$	\mho
$\prime$	\prime	$\emptyset$	\emptyset	$\nabla$	\nabla
$\surd$	\surd	$\partial$	\partial	$\top$	\top
$\bot$	\bot	$\vdash$	\vdash	$\dashv$	\dashv
$\forall$	\forall	$\exists$	\exists	$\neg$	\neg
$\flat$	\flat	$\natural$	\natural	$\sharp$	\sharp
$\backslash$	\backslash	$\Box$	\Box	$\Diamond$	\Diamond
$\clubsuit$	\clubsuit	$\diamondsuit$	\diamondsuit	$\heartsuit$	\heartsuit
$\spadesuit$	\spadesuit	$\Join$	\Join	$\blacksquare$	\blacksquare
$\diamondsuit$	\diamondsuit	$\copyright$	\copyright	$\underarc{XYZ}$	\underarc{XYZ}
$\heartsuit$	\heartsuit	$\overarc{ABC}$	\overarc{ABC}	$\cup$	\cup
$\S$	\S	$\P$	\P	$\Vdash$	\Vdash
$\pounds$	\pounds	$\in$	\in	$\vDash$	\vDash
$\bigstar$	\bigstar	$\implies$	\implies
$\square$	\square
$\smiley$	\smiley
$\mathbb{R}$	\mathbb{R} (represents all real numbers)
$\checkmark$	\checkmark
$\cancer$	\cancer

Note: $\cancer$ and $\overarc{ABC}$ do not work in the classroom.

Command Symbols

Some symbols are used in commands, so they need to be treated in a special way.

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\textdollar$	\textdollar or $	$\&$	\&	$\%$	\%	$\#$	\#
$\_$	\_	$\{$	\{	$\}$	\}	$\backslash$	\backslash

(Warning: Using $for$\textdollarwill result in $$. This is a bug as far as we know. Depending on the version of\LaTeX$ this is not always a problem.)

European Language Symbols

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
${\oe}$	{\oe}	${\ae}$	{\ae}	${\o}$	{\o}
${\OE}$	{\OE}	${\AE}$	{\AE}	${\AA}$	{\AA}	${\O}$	{\O}
${\l}$	{\l}	${\ss}$	{\ss}	$\text{!`}$	!`
${\L}$	{\L}	${\SS}$	{\SS}

Bracketing Symbols

In mathematics, sometimes we need to enclose expressions in brackets, braces or parentheses. Some of these work just as you’d imagine in LaTeX; type ( and ) for parentheses, [ and ] for brackets, and | and | for absolute value. However, other symbols have special commands:

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\{$	\{	$\}$	\}	$\|$	|
$\backslash$	\backslash	$\lfloor$	\lfloor	$\rfloor$	\rfloor
$\lceil$	\lceil	$\rceil$	\rceil	$\langle$	\langle
$\rangle$	\rangle

You might notice that if you use any of these to typeset an expression that is vertically large, like

(\frac{a}{x} )^2

the parentheses don’t come out the right size:

$(\frac{a}{x})^2$

If we put \left and \right before the relevant parentheses, we get a prettier expression:

\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2

gives $\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2$

For systems of equations or piecewise functions, use the cases environment:

f(x) = \begin{cases} x^2 & x \ge 0 \\ x & x < 0 \end{cases}

which gives

$f(x) = \begin{cases} x^2 & x \ge 0 \\ x & x < 0 \end{cases}$

In addition to the \left and \right commands, when doing floor or ceiling functions with fractions, using \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil and \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor

gives both $\left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil$ and $\left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor$, respectively.

And, if you type this

\underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x}

Gives

$\underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x}$

Or

\overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x}

Gives

$\overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x}$

\left and \right can also be used to resize the following symbols:

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
$\uparrow$	\uparrow	$\downarrow$	\downarrow	$\updownarrow$	\updownarrow
$\Uparrow$	\Uparrow	$\Downarrow$	\Downarrow	$\Updownarrow$	\Updownarrow

Multi-Size Symbols

Some symbols render differently in inline math mode and in display mode. Display mode occurs when you use \[...\] or $$...$$, or environments like […] , $...$ . Read more in the commands section of the guide about how symbols which take arguments above and below the symbols, such as a summation symbol, behave in the two modes.

In each of the following, the two images show the symbol in display mode, then in inline mode.

• \sum

  $$\sum \textstyle\sum$$

• \int

  $$\int \textstyle\int$$

• \oint

  $$\oint \textstyle\oint$$

• \prod

  $$\prod \textstyle\prod$$

• \coprod

  $$\coprod \textstyle\coprod$$

• \bigcap

  $$\bigcap \textstyle\bigcap$$

• \bigcup

  $$\bigcup \textstyle\bigcup$$

• \bigsqcup

  $$\bigsqcup \textstyle\bigsqcup$$

• \bigvee

  $$\bigvee \textstyle\bigvee$$

• \bigwedge

  $$\bigwedge \textstyle\bigwedge$$

• \bigodot

  $$\bigodot \textstyle\bigodot$$

• \bigotimes

  $$\bigotimes \textstyle\bigotimes$$

• \bigoplus

  $$\bigoplus \textstyle\bigoplus$$

• \biguplus

  $$\biguplus \textstyle\biguplus$$